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                <text>Bacterial motility is a widespread characteristic that can provide several advantages for the&#13;
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such as colonization. There are different bacterial motility types, and their expression is highly&#13;
regulated by the environmental conditions. Because of this, methods for studying motility under&#13;
realistic experimental conditions are required. A wide variety of approaches have been developed to&#13;
study bacterial motility. Here, we present the most common techniques and recent advances and&#13;
discuss their strengths as well as their limitations. We classify them as macroscopic or microscopic&#13;
and highlight the advantages of three-dimensional imaging in microscopic approaches. Lastly,&#13;
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Konstantinos Ar. Kormas</text>
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                <text>Jadik Wijayanto</text>
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ISBN 978-3-0365-4711-4 (PDF)</text>
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4052 Basel, Switzerland</text>
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                <text>Our study analyzes the distribution of fish communities related to the environmental&#13;
variables of the Alto Madre de Dios River, an Andean-Amazon watershed of southern Peru, between&#13;
300 and 2811 m a.s.l. within the Manu Biosphere Reserve. We provide new ecological and diversity&#13;
data on fishes for these poorly studied rivers and new data for palm swamp habitats. With electric&#13;
fishing techniques, we collected a total of 1934 fish specimens belonging to 78 species, 42 genera&#13;
and 15 families. To assess main patterns of diversity we combined SIMPER and ANOSIM with&#13;
canonical correspondence analysis to obtain an overview of the community structure of fish and&#13;
their distribution related to aquatic habitats. Our results show an important shift on fish diversity at&#13;
700 m a.s.l. separating headwater and middle-lowland communities. Electrofishing was a hindrance&#13;
due to the depth, flow and low conductivity of the rivers, but also allowed us to capture fish not&#13;
observed with other techniques. We also compared the use of elevation with slope as an alternative&#13;
variable for statistical analysis. Our results show that slope offers a solid and equivalent explanation&#13;
for fish distribution variability, avoids redundance, and instead of giving geographical data offers&#13;
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Rafael Miranda</text>
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                <text>St. Alban-Anlage 66&#13;
4052 Basel, Switzerland</text>
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                <text>Diversity of Coral-Associated Fauna II&#13;
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                <text>coral reef; cryptofauna; sponges; hydrozoa; Aplysina; prevalence; symbiosis, Ocean</text>
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                <text>Coral reefs are known to be among the most biodiverse marine ecosystems and one of the&#13;
richest in terms of associations and species interactions, especially those involving invertebrates such&#13;
as corals and sponges. Despite that, our knowledge about cryptic fauna and their ecological role&#13;
remains remarkably scarce. This study aimed to address this gap by defining for the first time the&#13;
spatial ecology of the association between the epibiont hydrozoan Nemalecium lighti and the Porifera&#13;
community of shallow coral reef systems at Bonaire. In particular, the host range, prevalence, and&#13;
distribution of the association were examined in relation to different sites, depths, and dimensions of&#13;
the sponge hosts. We report Nemalecium lighti to be in association with 9 out of 16 genera of sponges&#13;
encountered and 15 out of 16 of the dive sites examined. The prevalence of the hydroid–sponge&#13;
association in Bonaire reef was 6.55%, with a maximum value of over 30%. This hydrozoan has been&#13;
found to be a generalist symbiont, displaying a strong preference for sponges of the genus Aplysina,&#13;
with no significant preference in relation to depth. On the contrary, the size of the host appeared to&#13;
influence the prevalence of association, with large tubular sponges found to be the preferred host.&#13;
Although further studies are needed to better understand the biological and ecological reason for&#13;
these results, this study improved our knowledge of Bonaire’s coral reef cryptofauna diversity and&#13;
its interspecific associations.</text>
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Simone Montano</text>
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                <text>https://www.mdpi.com/books/book/6245-diversity-of-coral-associated-fauna-ii&#13;
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                <text>Jadik Wijayanto</text>
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                <text>The book as a whole is distributed by MDPI under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons&#13;
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ichthyology. It is, therefore, not surprising that different approaches to otolith research are&#13;
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                <text>Many scientists have tried to isolate novel and active compounds mainly from micro-organisms,&#13;
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the 20th century. However, after the long history of screening, it is becoming difficult to find novel&#13;
compounds anywhere in the world.&#13;
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from deep-sea organisms. By 2013, a further 188 new deep-sea natural products were reported. About&#13;
75% of the deep-sea-origin compounds were reported to show biological activity (i.e., 141 of 188&#13;
compounds), with almost half (i.e., 81 of 188 compounds) exhibiting potent cytotoxicity in human&#13;
cancer cell lines [1].&#13;
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investigation of the extracts of 65 twilight-zone (50–1000 m depth) sponges, gorgonians, hard corals,&#13;
and sponge-associated bacteria resulted in an extremely high hit rate (42%) of active extracts, with a&#13;
hit rate for sponge and gorgonian extracts of 72% [2,3].&#13;
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screening pharmacologically active compounds. In this Special Issue, I tried to bring together articles&#13;
on the screening of new bioactive metabolites produced by deep-sea organisms.&#13;
This issue includes seven original articles and one review article. Li, Zhang et al. isolated&#13;
unusual thioester-containing benzoate derivatives from deep-sea derived fungus. One of them&#13;
showed α-glucosidase inhibitory activity (Chapter 1). Li, Wang et al. isolated new and reported&#13;
harziane-type diterpene derivatives from the deep-sea sediment-derived fungus. One of them&#13;
inhibited LPS-induced NO formation in macrophage-like cells (Chapter 2). Crustins are characterized&#13;
by the existence of an acidic protein domain, and they often show anti-bacterial activity.&#13;
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antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (Chapter 3). Wang and Zhu isolated new polyene&#13;
macrolactams from deep-sea sediment-derived Streptomyces. They showed antifungal activity&#13;
against Candida albicans (Chapter 4). Lu et al. isolated new 2-benzoyl tetrahydrofuran enantiomers,&#13;
1S-myrothecol and 1R-myrothecol, from cultures of the deep-sea fungus. These new compounds&#13;
showed cellular anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activities (Chapter 5). Abdel-Mageed et al.&#13;
isolated n-acetylglutaminyl glutamine amide and desferrioxamine B from a Micromonospora&#13;
strain collected from deep-sea of Mariana Trench (Chapter 6). Khushi et al. isolated a new&#13;
tryptophan-derived alkaloid thorectandrin A from a sponge Thorectandra choanoides collected at&#13;
a depth of 45 m (Chapter 7). Finally, disease-related cellular signal transductions and their inhibitors&#13;
from the deep sea were reviewed (Chapter 8).</text>
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Kazuo Umezawa</text>
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                <text>temperature, skeletal development, ossification, morphological alterations, Fishh, Fisheries, Aquaculture</text>
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                <text>In ectotherm species, environmental temperature plays a key role in development, growth,&#13;
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accurately predict the risk of climate change over fisheries and aquaculture, critical to warrant nutrition&#13;
and food security in the coming years. Here, the potential effects of abnormal thermal regimes&#13;
(24, 28 and 32 ◦C; TR24, TR28, and TR32, respectively) exclusively applied during embryogenesis&#13;
in tropical gar (Atractosteus tropicus) has been explored to decipher the potential consequences on&#13;
hatching and growth from fertilization to 16 days post-fertilization (dpf), while effects on skeletal&#13;
development and body morphology were explored at fertilization and 16 dpf. Egg incubation at&#13;
higher temperatures induced an early hatching and mouth opening. A higher hatching rate was&#13;
obtained in eggs incubated at 28 ◦C when compared to those at 24 ◦C. No differences were found in&#13;
fish survival at 16 dpf, with values ranging from 84.89 to 88.86%, but increased wet body weight and&#13;
standard length were found in larvae from TR24 and TR32 groups. Thermal regime during embryogenesis&#13;
also altered the rate at which the skeletal development occurs. Larvae from the TR32 group&#13;
showed an advanced skeletal development, with a higher development of cartilaginous structures at&#13;
hatching but reduced at 16 dpf when compared with the TR24 and TR28 groups. Furthermore, this&#13;
advanced skeletal development seemed to determine the fish body morphology. Based on biometric&#13;
measures, a principal component analysis showed how along development, larvae from each thermal&#13;
regime were clustered together, but with each population remaining clearly separated from each other.&#13;
The current study shows how changes in temperature may induce craniofacial and morphological&#13;
alterations in fish during early stages and contribute to understanding the possible effects of global&#13;
warming in early development of fish and its ecological implications.</text>
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                <text>Editor :&#13;
Maria Angeles Esteban&#13;
Bernardo Baldisserotto&#13;
Eric Hallerman</text>
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                <text>Jadik wijayanto</text>
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                <text>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</text>
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                <text>DOI https://doi.org/10.9774/gleaf.9781315223292 </text>
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                <text>Andri Yanti</text>
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